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| | Applejack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | It is made by concentrating "hard cider" (as British cider, i.e., fermented apple juice, is called in American usage), either by the traditional method of freeze distillation (see fractional freezing), or by true evaporative distillation. | | | Freeze distilling can concentrate methanol and fusel alcohols (by-products of fermentation which true distillation separates out) in applejack to unhealthy levels. | | | From the fermented juice, with an alcohol content of less than 10%, the concentrated result has about or 30 to 40 percent alcohol (i.e., 60 to 80 proof), is slightly sweet, and tastes and usually smells of apples. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applejack
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| | Recovery of 1,3-butadiene by fractional crystallization from four-carbon mixtures - Patent 4279130 |
| | Freezing and melting techniques are described for separating 1,3-butadiene from a mixture of four-carbon compounds by fractional freezing of the liquid mixture and by fractional melting thereof. | | | Fractional melting was studied by freezing a 300-gram mixture of isomers of butene, butane, and butadiene to low temperatures, such as -160.degree. | | | BD enrichment by fractional freezing was investigated by putting 0.50 ml of C.sub.4 hydrocarbon mixture into a 10-cm test tube immersed in dry ice/acetone. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4279130.html
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| | Fractional distillation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture of ((chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight) compounds by their (Being highly angry or excited; ready to boil over) boiling point, by heating to high enough temperatures. | | | Fractional distillation process is also used in production of liquid oxygen ((Brine-cured salmon) LOx). | | | The most important industrial application of fractional distillation is the distillation of (A dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons) crude oil. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/F/Fr/Fractional_distillation.htm
(479 words)
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| | Encyclopedia: Distillation |
| | Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture of compounds by their boiling point, by heating to high enough temperatures. | | | The second method (fractional distillation) is more effective at separating liquids with similar boiling points. | | | Vacuum distillation is a method of distillation whereby the pressure above the solution to be distilled is reduced to less than one Atmosphere (unit) causing evaporation of the most volatile liquid(s) (those with the lowest boiling points. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Distillation
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| | Home Distillation of Alcohol (Homemade Alcohol to Drink) |
| | Water freezes at a temperature of 0 C, while ethyl alcohol does not freeze until reaching -114 C. This allows the water to be frozen out of the liquid, leaving behind the ethyl alcohol, as well as the other alcohols and esters. | | | Another method, known as fractional crystalization, is done by inverting the process and freezing the beverage instead of boiling it. | | | This explains why beer (at 5% abv) will freeze for ya in the freezer, wine will need it to be a bit colder, but frozen schnapps or vodka won't normally be possible. |
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http://www.homedistiller.org/notstill.htm
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| | Mr. Hole's Online Chemistry Glossary: F |
| | freezing point depression: the difference in temperature between the freezing points of a solution and of the pure solvent. | | | fractional distillation: the separation of a mixture of volatile substances into its components through differences in boiling points. | | | freezing point depression constant: see molal freezing point depression constant |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~mrhole/chem/glossary/f.html
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| | [No title] |
| | whereby Ci is the concentration of the ingredient i that is required to depress the freezing temperature of water to the temperature T and Si is the concentration of the ingredient in the formulation. | | | Also ingredients may be added which lead to lowering of the freezing point of the composition such as alcohols like glycol or sugars or salts leading to a reduction of the ice phase volume. | | | This is done by the following method: (a) For each ingredient, a plot is contructed showing freezing point depression against concentration of the ingredient in water; (b) The amount of water bound by the ingredient at temperature T can then be calculated as: wi = |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/41109.980924&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | eG Forums -> Applejack |
| | I think it is likely the case that applejack was produced by fractional freezing at one time, but I believe it is now produced by distillation. | | | Applejack is produced by fractional freezing, rather than by distillation. | | | The freezing an filtering process is known as jacking, and hence Applejack. |
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http://forums.egullet.org/index.php?showtopic=54293
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| | ice beer: Information From Answers.com |
| | A particularly cold year froze the beers and a new taste was noticed by the drinkers. | | | In their rush to add an ice beer to their portfolio many companies simplified the brewing process, freezing the beer until ice crystals formed, but then allowing the crystals to melt before continuing with their normal brewing process. | | | However in its current form, ice beer developed from the fruit-juice industry which used to freeze orange juice concentrate to reduce shipping costs. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/ice-beer
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| | Multistage fractional freezing for superpurifying crystallizable substances - Patent 4885016 |
| | This particular patent shows a fractional freezing process which includes continuous partial crystallization of a compound from a liquid mixture in which the mixture is fed through a cascade of a plurality of cooling sections. | | | It has means for freezing a portion of the new solution charged into it, and it has means to drain the mother liquor from a mass of crystals formed in it. | | | When the reflux is metered, then any untransferred mother liquor left over in any stage is transferred to the collector of that stage. |
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http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4885016.html
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| | Water in Mixtures |
| | Fractional distillation of a solution of ethanol in water. | | | If the water is mixed with a miscible liquid (one that dissolves in water) with a similar boiling point, the liquids can usually be separated by fractional distillation. | | | This uses mostly the same apparatus as simple distillation, but a fractionating column is added to get a better separation of the liquids. |
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http://www.crocodile-clips.com/absorb/AC4/sample/LR1102.html
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| | Dictionary definition of FROST |
| | The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather. | | | To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants. | | | To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass. |
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http://www.dictionarybarn.com/FROST.php
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| | Franklin Electric Submersible AIM Manual - Application - All Motors - Page 3 |
| | Repeated freezing and thawing should be avoided to prevent possible loss of fill solution. | | | The fill solution consists of a mixture of de-ionized water and Propylene Glycol (a non-toxic antifreeze). | | | There may be an interchange of fill solution with well water during operation. |
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http://www.fele.com/Manual/AIM_03.htm
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| | Silly Question (booze related) |
| | Usually this is conveniently done using phase changes such as freezing (fractional crystallization as in the preparation of hard cider) or boiling (distillation as in the preparation of various distilled spirits). | | | I think I'll be test-driving the fractional freezing method at some point, but probably not until some batch of home brew turns out so badly that it cannot otherwise be consumed... | | | The limit using distillation is about 95% ethanol, 5% water. |
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http://www.thehelparchive.com/new-1756564-288.html
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| | Subject: Mead Lover's Digest #775, 23 December 1999 |
| | Subject: A way to freeze mead or cider. | | | are interested in methods and vessels for freezing their mead to separate | | | The process of freezing out water is much easier although the alcohol |
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http://www.gotmead.com/mead-research/mld/1999/775.html
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| | Separation process - Famous Women |
| | Examples of separation processes include distillation and fractional freezing. |
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http://www.famous.tc/Separation_process.html
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| | Comments on 14128 Ask MetaFilter |
| | As for it being more alcoholic, fractional freezing is a cheap-ass alternative to distillation if you want to up the proof of something--the water freezes out first so the liquid left behind is more alcoholic. | | | Ethanol freezes at –110°C or something obscene like that. | | | Now, plug into the freezing point depression equation. |
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http://ask.metafilter.com/mefi/14128
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| | Peroxides (Arno Hahma; George Herbert; Norman L. Reitzel; Wouter Visser; E. Michael Smith) |
| | The usual concentration method is fractional freezing which gets you to 59% if I recall, and then the remaining mix freezes all at the same rate and can't be further concentrated. | | | I have heard that peroxide boils at a lower temperature >than water, but it freezes at a lower temperature. | | | The apparatus must be extremely clean, even traces of metallic impurities may cause hydrogen peroxide to decompose violently.(Cu,Co,Ni,Fe,Mn at least) The peroxide is quite difficult to detonate, unless it is over 85 % and/or hot, like during distillation. |
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http://www.yarchive.net/explosives/peroxide.html
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| | Fruit and vegetable processing - Ch08 Fruit specific preservation technologies (cont.) |
| | Fully ripe fruits with a sugar content of about 19.5% are used and are treated with sulphurous acid after peeling, then dried as soon as possible afterwards. | | | At the distribution step, proceed at CO2 decompression and the juice is then submitted to a sterilising filtration and aseptic filling in receptacles. | | | has been suggested as an aid for peeling green bananas for flour production, while the peeling of green bananas for freezing has been facilitated by immersion in water at 93° C for 30 min. |
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http://www.fao.org/docrep/V5030E/V5030E0o.htm
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| | h2o2 |
| | Hydrogen peroxide tends to supercool, or cool below its freezing point without freezing. | | | Below 62%, the water will freeze first, until the liquid solution reaches 62%. | | | Sparging takes advantage of the fact that warm (not hot) air will preferentially evaporate water. |
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http://www.yourencyclopedia.net/H2O2.html
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| | Definitions starting with F |
| | freezing point - Temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid. | | | Usually equal to the melting point for a given substance. | | | Fahrenheit - A temperature scale in which 32° is defined as the freezing point of water, and 212° is defined as the boiling point of water, with both of these measured at one atmosphere of pressure. |
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http://pages.prodigy.net/henry.jackson/defs_a_z/defs_f.htm
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| | Electrically conducting, Ca-rich brines, rather than water, expected in the Martian subsurface |
| | Eutectic brines, by definition, are the last to freeze and the first to melt. | | | Fractional crystallization (freezing) and partial melting would also drive brines toward CaCl | | | In other words, eutectic brine compositions could be present in the shallow subsurface of Mars, for the same reasons that eutectic magma compositions are common on Earth. |
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http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2003/2002JE001862.shtml
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| | Chemical process engineering - Solvent Distilling/Recovery |
| | The "Solvent Recovery Handbook" from Smallwood (McGraw-Hill) should become your bible: it describes the separation methods (distillations but also adsorption, membrane separation, extraction, coalescing, fractional freezing,..) and also the data part is very usefull. |
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http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=128886&page=1
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| | Freezing rain |
| | Due to it being supercooled the water freezes again upon impact. | | | It melts completely on its way down in a layer of warm (above freezing) air and then supercools in a small layer of cold air just before it impacts the surface. | | | The ice will accumulate to thicknesses of several inches. |
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http://www.kiwipedia.com/en/freezing-rain.html
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| | Labelled monocyte chemoattractant protein material and medical uses thereof - US Patent 5413778 |
| | The bottle is placed in a slurry ice water bath and swirled until liquid solidifies on the walls of the bottle. | | | B) Commercially available Dimethylsulfoxide anhydrous (DMSO) is further purified by fractional freezing at or below 18.4° C. 20 to 25 ml of DMSO is placed in an oven dried 100 ml bottle and tightly capped. | | | After incubation, place entire volume on the prepared G-25 column. |
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http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5413778.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Using Freezing Point Depression to Find Molecular Weight |
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http://www.vernier.com/publishers/correlationreport.html?id=44
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| | Re: sand on the stage |
| | Trace amounts of methanol (and higher alcohols too) become a problem when concentrated by illicit distilling (or fractional freezing). | | | Duncan Wood wrote...> > The methanol content didn't help much either AFAIK the problem of methanol in cider is a myth and the real souce of sight problems was due to cyanides resulting from over milling the apples and fermenting the pips. | | | Commercial distilleries always reject first and last fractions for this reason but small scale producers of 'hooch' are not always so careful. |
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http://www.usenet.com/newsgroups/rec.arts.theatre.stagecraft/msg02409.html
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| | distillation: The Fractional Distillation Process |
| | When the substance with the lowest boiling point has been removed, the temperature can be raised and the distillation process repeated with the substance having the next lowest boiling point. | | | Related content from HighBeam Research on: distillation: The Fractional Distillation Process | | | The process of obtaining portions (or fractions) in this way is one type of fractional distillation. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0857777.html
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| | [No title] |
| | rain accreting ice (and freezing), or by an explicit freezing of raindrops | | | heating rate due to freezing of precip (W/kg) | | | above freezing where const slope is given by -2369 j/(kg c) = cpv - cw |
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http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cms/eaton/cam30browser/html_code/phys/cldwat.F90.html
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| | Gmane -- Mail To News And Back Again |
| | > >JD Degussa told us they use fractional freezing at their plant in Germany, but that is the only operation I am aware of. | | | X-L Space Systems produced 98% for years without freezing, and FMC does today, so it certainly isn't a necessity. |
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http://article.gmane.org/gmane.technology.erps/13664
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| | PRB 67, 144105 (2003) |
| | The results are compared with transmission data on isothermal filling and draining and with heat-capacity data on freezing and melting. | | | Cooling-heating cycles have been performed through the freezing and melting transition for samples with different fractional fillings. | | | Freezing leads to a decrease of the transmission up to four orders of magnitude due to material transport in the pore network that leads to a coarsening of the pore filling. |
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http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak7/knorr/homepages/patrick/Publications/PRBArTrans2003.html
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| | kitchen products |
| | As mineral-laden water freezes at temperatures that are a few degrees colder than the freezing plate, the process ensures the ice maker makes ice only out of pure water molecules. | | | This water is recirculated over the freezing plate until a pre-determined level of ice has built up. | | | During each ice-making cycle, water flows over a freezing plate that is set at precisely 32 degrees — the temperature at which clear or pure water freezes. |
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http://www.kitchen-dinnerware.com/12456-kitchen-products.html
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| | BBC News Americas The thawing of Alaska |
| | It's possible that freezing rain is sealing their food out of reach under a layer of ice. | | | Much of Alaska's frosty earth is now only one or two degrees below freezing. | | | Freezing rain locks away food from Caribou that cannot dig |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/americas/newsid_211000/211927.stm
(449 words)
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| | BIGpedia - Liquid oxygen - Encyclopedia and Dictionary Online |
| | It has a pale blue colour and is strongly paramagnetic. | | | For industrial applications it is obtained from air by fractional distillation. | | | Liquid oxygen has a density of 1140 kg/m³ and is moderately cryogenic (freezing point: −219 °C, boiling point: −183 °C). |
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http://www.bigpedia.com/encyclopedia/LOx
(301 words)
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| | General Chemistry Online: Glossary: |
| | by freezing a liquid, evaporating a solution, or precipitating a solid from solution. | | | unit of temperature, defined by assigning temperatures of 0°C and 100°C to the freezing and boiling points of water, respectively. | | | If the ice melts, the chemical potential of the water was lower than that of the ice. |
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http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/glossary/c.shtml
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| | Cosmic Microwave Background: The Temperature of the Universe (2.728) |
| | In other words, from the freezing point of water to the boiling point of water, there would be 36.6 | | | In other words, if the boiling point of water is scaled at 136.4 temperature, then the temperature of the Universe would be 50 times exactly less than the BPW, and 36.6568915 times greater than the freezing point of water. | | | Let us consider the possibility that the 2.728 fractal number may represent that of the freezing point of water on a temperature scale similar to that of the Celsius scale, whereby the boiling point would then be represented by 372.8 degrees. |
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http://www.earthmatrix.com/cosmic_microwave.html
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| | Ultra Freeze Tag 1.1 Commands and Variables |
| | Both hunt modes are just like regular Team Freeze or CTF Freeze - but with a twist. | | | This is mostly used to set up instagib Freeze Tag servers. | | | Dump the red team's freezing stats to the console. |
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http://www.planetquake.com/alternatefire/files/quake3/uft-variables.html
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| | Fractional freezing from LiveJournal |
| | There's something I've still got to do.' " There was a fractional pause, and then that voice again, like honey mixed with rye whiskey. | | | *Chloroethane can be seperated from the other reaction products by fractional distillation. | | | Also helps finding: Fractionalfreezing, ractional, freezin, factional, freeezing, frctional, breezing, frational, freazing, fracional, frezing, fractonal Fractional freezing |
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http://www.ljseek.com/search4/Fractional+freezing/7
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| | vacuum distillation |
| | Distillation isn't a perfect method of fractionating a mixture. | | | low-temperature fraction boils out, and at the end of that process you'll | | | freezing, exploiting the liquid-to-solid phase transition and filtering out |
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http://www.seps.org/oracle/oracle.archive/Physical_Science.Chemistry/2002.10/001033521796.27485
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| | Observed Properties |
| | I have also done this starting with a thirty gallon barrel of water on a cold winter night. | | | She continued to repeat this till she got a portion which would not freeze at the temperatures which were available to her. | | | Another researcher claims that she started by partially freezing several gallons of water. |
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http://www.subtleenergies.com/ormus/tw/Observed.htm
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| | Assays using base protected table 1 - US Patent 6107039 |
| | Anhydrous HOAc was prepared by fractional freezing (Nagamachi et al., 1974). | | | Following the removal of the supernatant fraction, the recovered oligonucleotides were dissolved into 20 µL of nanopure water. | | | Following purification of the oligonucleotides, the DMT group was removed by treatment with 80% (v/v) HOAc (200 µL) at room temperature for 20 min. |
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http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6107039.html
(17950 words)
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| | Introducing to the Model 30 Series (Marvel Industries) |
| | Cubes are solid, slow to melt and an absolutely chewable 3/4". | | | The 301M creates sparkling pure ice using a natural process called fractional freezing. | | | With each ice making cycle, impurities are drained away with water from the previous cycle-a big advantage over other clear ice makers that reuse a portion of their waste water to start the next ice making cycle. |
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http://www.aecinfo.com/1/resourcefile/00/29/70/mrvo02.htm
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| | Kitchen and Bathroom News @ The K&BZine |
| | For the wine enthusiast or discerning homeowner, the Falcon wine cooler provides the ideal climate for the storage of up to 50 bottles of wine. | | | The new Falcon icemaker uses a process called Fractional Freezing to automatically produce19mm square clear and tasteless cubes. | | | The new products are designed to add the finishing touches to the discerning homeowners kitchen, and provide a new dimension to home entertaining. |
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http://www.thekbzine.com/newsarchive/news050304.html
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| | Archive |
| | He also attended a number of sessions on Food and Bioproducts topics. | | | The poster presentation titled Modification of Marine Oils Using Fractional Freezing and Enzymatic Hydrolysis was presented with two colleagues involved in the work and was well received. | | | Lawrence Wong (BayView) presented project work undertaken for his Masters Degree in Chemical Engineering at the conference. |
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http://www.bay-view.co.nz/index.cfm/Bayview_Bulletin/archive/October_2002
(864 words)
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| | P-DICHLOROBENZENE (1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE) |
| | The ortho and para isomers are separated by fractional freezing. |
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http://www.chemicalland21.com/arokorhi/industrialchem/organic/P-DICHLOROBENZENE.htm
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| | Lox/Hydrazine |
| | Fuel Freezing Point: 2.00 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 113.00 deg C. Hydrazine (N2H4) found early use as a fuel, but it was quickly replaced by UDMH. | | | Oxidiser Freezing Point: -219.00 deg C. Oxidiser Boiling Point: -183.00 deg C. Liquid oxygen was the earliest, cheapest, safest, and eventually the preferred oxidiser for large space launchers. | | | Liquid oxygen is obtained from air by fractional distillation. |
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http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/mwade/props/loxazine.htm
(595 words)
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A cook's best friend