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| | The Utility of the Diploid Map in Alfalfa Improvement |
 | | This map, which represents the genome of cultivated, tetraploid alfalfa, reduced to the diploid level, was constructed in a backcross population and consists of a map for each parent, joined by common markers. | | | The usefulness of diploid maps in the breeding of tetraploid alfalfa depends on a high degree of similarity between the genomes of diploid and tetraploid alfalfa. | | | Evidence that supports conservation of the diploid and tetraploid alfalfa genomes is the fact that they interbreed freely, and are considered to be subspecies of one another. |
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http://www.naaic.org/TAG/TAGpapers/Bouton/DiploidMapPaper.htm
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| | Articles - Meiosis |
| | As a diploid cell is formed from the genetic recombination of two haploid cells, within a diploid cell there are normally two sets of chromosomes that code for the same information, one from the mother& haploid cell and the other from the father&. | | | It is immediately followed by meiosis I, which divides one diploid cell into two haploid cells by separation of homologous chromosomes, and meiosis II, which divides two haploid cells into four haploid cells by separation of sister chromatids. | | | Some species are diploid, grown from a diploid cell called the zygote. |
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http://www.gaple.com/articles/Meiosis
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| | Induced Masu Salmon Spawning of Diploid Females by Triploid Males |
| | Triploids were identified just prior to the experiments by comparing major axes of red blood cells (RBC) with those of diploid controls, using an image analyzer (Ibas 2000, Zeiss Co. Ltd.). | | | Triploid males showed typical quivering toward ovulated diploid females as did diploid males. | | | Sexual behavior of triploid males of masu salmon (the Amago strain, Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus) was observed to determine whether they showed quivering, a typical courtship behavior of salmonids, and if this behavior could induce spawning behavior and oviposition of diploid females. |
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http://www.lib.noaa.gov/japan/aquaculture/report22/kitamura.html
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| | magnolio.dna |
| | AC U32069; DT 02-SEP-1995 DE 5S rRNA gene, clone 2 (121/303) OS Gossypium harknessii OC Eukaryota; Plantae; Embryobionta; Telomophyta; Magnoliopsida; OC Malvales; Malvaceae RN [1] RA Cronn R.C., Zhao X., Paterson A.H., Wendel J.F.; RT Polymorphism and concerted evolution in a multigene family: 5S RT ribosomal DNA in diploid and allopolyploid cottons; RL Unpublished. | | | AC U32068; DT 02-SEP-1995 DE 5S rRNA gene, clone 1 (121/303) OS Gossypium harknessii OC Eukaryota; Plantae; Embryobionta; Telomophyta; Magnoliopsida; OC Malvales; Malvaceae RN [1] RA Cronn R.C., Zhao X., Paterson A.H., Wendel J.F.; RT Polymorphism and concerted evolution in a multigene family: 5S RT ribosomal DNA in diploid and allopolyploid cottons; RL Unpublished. | | | AC U32084; DT 02-SEP-1995 DE 5S rRNA gene, clone 10 (120/301) OS Gossypium hirsutum OC Eukaryota; Plantae; Embryobionta; Telomophyta; Magnoliopsida; OC Malvales; Malvaceae RN [1] RA Cronn R.C., Zhao X., Paterson A.H., Wendel J.F.; RT Polymorphism and concerted evolution in a multigene family: 5S RT ribosomal DNA in diploid and allopplyploid cottons; RL Unpublished. |
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http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/fb_chemie/ibc/agerdmann-old/eukaryota/plantae/embryobionta/telomophyta/magnoliopsida/magnolio.dna
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| | xxx.doc |
| | The results suggest that the emergence of sex had to be preceded by the emergence of diploid monosexual organisms and provide a explanation for the emergence and maintenance of sex among diploids and for the scarcity of sex among haploid organisms. | | | For example, in experiments assessing the relative evolutionary between diploid hermaphrodites and diploid monosexuals (Fig 1) when the allele for hermaphroditism was programmed as dominant, then, if the corresponding allele was present in the organism, the individual would behave as a diploid hermaphrodite. | | | The most likely scenario for the emergence of sex, in the light of this new findings, is that sex may have emerged from diploid monosexual ancestors, and that mating occurred preferentially among individuals with the same predisposition for sex, creating the most simple form of assortative mating. |
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http://atta.labb.usb.ve/Klaus/SexEmergence.htm
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| | diploid |
| | A tetraploid daylily will generally have larger flowers, larger plants, and better flower substance than a diploid. | | | SEEDS when pollinated with another diploid and a tetraploid will only form seeds when pollinated with another tetraploid. | | | A diploid can have large flowers, large plants and great flower substance, although if the same diploid plant is converted to a tetraploid, the plants' caracteristics will be enhanced. |
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http://www.daylilyparadise.com/diploid.html
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| | P72 Report |
| | Diploids may produce unreduced (diploid) pollen or ovules which (in mixed populations) may fertilize or be fertilized by the gametes of tetraploids. | | | Diploid and tetraploid populations share most alleles, and the alleles unique to one group are rare. | | | Both diploid and tetraploid populations were variable, with 89% of loci polymorphic loci and more than three alleles per locus (Tables 1 - 4). |
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http://dendrome.ucdavis.edu/NFGEL/NFGEL01/72.html
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| | Induced Masu Salmon Spawning of Diploid Females by Triploid Males |
| | A triploid or diploid male was placed in an aquarium with an ovulated diploid female, and the behavior of male fish was observed. | | | A triploid or diploid male was placed in the tank with a diploid-ovulated female (2 years old, body length 22.8-28.8 cm), and then male behavior was observed and recorded using a video camera recorder for a constant time. | | | Body lengths of the triploids and the diploids were 12.5-18.9 cm and 17.0-18.3 cm, and the average major RBC axes were 18.3 mm and 16.9 mm, respectively. |
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http://www.lib.noaa.gov/japan/aquaculture/report22/kitamura.html
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| | MAPPING THE STRAWBERRY GENOME |
| | Diploid sources of resistance to red stele root rot were identified and a mapping population segregating for resistance/susceptibility was established. | | | In conjunction with diploid x octoploid crosses, backcrosses, and appropriate chromosome manipulations, molecular and biochemical markers will be used as gene tags to track the introgression from diploid to octoploid levels of specific genes for morphological/physiological traits. | | | Linkage conservation between diploid and octoploid levels will be evaluated with respect to segregation analysis of selected isozyme/molecular marker diploid level linkage groups in appropriate octoploid x octoploid crosses. |
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http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/pggrantinfo/1992/9159002.html
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| | Cell Division and Life Cycles |
| | For instance in bees ants and wasps the male is haploid and the females diploid. | | | We produce gametes from specialized diploid cells called germ cells and the gametes, being haploid are produced by meiosis. | | | Mushroom spores are produced by specialized dikaryotic cell in which the nuclei now fuse, produce a standard diploid zygote which then undergoes meiosis to produce spores. |
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http://staff.jccc.net/pdecell/celldivision/lifecycles.html
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| | The Talk.Origins Archive Post of the Month: January 1999 |
| | They are reproductively isolated from diploid members of the same species, however - mate a tetraploid watermelon with a diploid watermelon and the result is a triploid which produces seedless watermelons. | | | The difference between a tetraploid amphidiploid and a diploid, however, is that a diploid has 1 pair of every gene, whereas the tetraploid amphidiploid has 2 pairs of every gene. | | | In wasps and bees, females are diploid and males are usually haploid. |
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http://www.talkorigins.org/origins/postmonth/jan99.html
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| | Buckler Lab Index |
| | Zea diploperennis : a perennial, diploid teosinte found in very limited regions of the highlands of Western Mexico | | | Zea mays : a highly polymorphic, diploid annual species, including both wild teosinte and cultivated maize | | | Zea perennis : a perennial, tetraploid teosinte, also with a very narrow distribution in the highlands of Western Mexico |
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http://www.maizegenetics.net/germplasm/TaxonomyDistribution.htm
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| | Ploidy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Haploidisation (from the Greek απλοποίηση = simplification) is the process of creating a haploid cell from a diploid cell. | | | Most diploid organisms produce haploid sex cells that can combine to form a diploid zygote, for example animals are primarily diploid but produce haploid gametes. | | | Plants and other algae switch between a haploid and a diploid or polyploid state, with one of the stages emphasized over the other. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid
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| | Articles - Meiosis |
| | In the gametic life cycle, of which humans are a part, the living organism is diploid in nature. | | | These gametes then fertilize in the uterus of the female, producing a diploid zygote. | | | Finally, in the sporic life cycle, the living organism alternates between haploid and diploid states. |
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http://www.gaple.com/articles/Meiosis
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| | Growing Seedless Watermelon |
| | The tetraploid is used as the female or seed parent and the diploid is the male or pollen parent (Figure 1). | | | Since the tetraploid seed parent produces only 5 to 10% as many seeds as a normal diploid plant, seed cost is 10 to 100 times more than that of standard, open-pollinated varieties and 5 to 10 times that of hybrid diploid watermelon varieties. | | | Seedless watermelons are produced on highly sterile triploid (3N) plants which result from crossing a normal diploid (2N) plant with a tetraploid (4N). |
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http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CV006
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| | THE QUEST FOR UNREDUCED GAMETES: PART I |
| | Tetraploids were introduced by inducing diploid daylilies with a chemical called colchicine. | | | A cross of a diploid with a tetraploid (or vice versa) may result in a pod forming; however, the presence of a “triploid block” in daylilies prevents most of these from reaching maturity, and the pods fall off. | | | Norris states that SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE crosses both ways readily with diploids, but also crosses as a pollen parent with tetraploids. |
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http://members.cox.net/lilyhouse/new_page_3.htm
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| | The Talk.Origins Archive Post of the Month: January 1999 |
| | The difference between a tetraploid amphidiploid and a diploid, however, is that a diploid has 1 pair of every gene, whereas the tetraploid amphidiploid has 2 pairs of every gene. | | | They are reproductively isolated from diploid members of the same species, however - mate a tetraploid watermelon with a diploid watermelon and the result is a triploid which produces seedless watermelons. | | | I don't know that any tetraploid species of fish have been found but at least a few give evidence of being diploidised decendants of ancient tetraploids. |
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http://www.talkorigins.org/origins/postmonth/jan99.html
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| | Meiosis |
| | The diploid zygote divides by mitosis to form the multicellular body but mitosis never occurs in haploid cells. | | | The relative proportion of the life cycle spent in the diploid and haploid stages. | | | The zygote divides by mitosis to produce the diploid multicellular body (the diploid generation). |
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http://arnica.csustan.edu/principles/Lectures/09_Meiosis.htm
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| | The Utility of the Diploid Map in Alfalfa Improvement |
| | The usefulness of diploid maps in the breeding of tetraploid alfalfa depends on a high degree of similarity between the genomes of diploid and tetraploid alfalfa. | | | Diploid and tetraploid alfalfa exhibit a large number of morphological and physiological differences, yet the genomes of these two forms are highly similar. | | | Diploid genetic maps in alfalfa should serve as an important framework for mapping in annual Medicago species, as well as in tetraploid species, and for transferring unique genes identified in diploids to the cultivated, tetraploid level. |
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http://www.naaic.org/TAG/TAGpapers/Bouton/DiploidMapPaper.htm
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| | Inbreeding and Sex Determination |
| | Diploid individuals that are heterozygous at the sex locus develop as females. | | | Because of problems with CSD and diploid male production, species with closely inbred populations might be expected to have different sex determination methods, and species with CSD should have traits that promote outbreeding. | | | When studied, diploid males have been found to be inviable, or unable to mate properly. |
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http://homepages.wmich.edu/~cowan/research/HymBreedSexDet.html
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| | Ploidy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Diploid cells (meaning double in Greek) have two copies (homologs) of each chromosome (both sex- and non-sex determining chromosomes), usually one from the mother and one from the father. | | | Even in diploid organisms many somatic cells are polyploid due to a process called endoreduplication where duplication of the genome occurs without mitosis (cell division). | | | In humans, most cells are diploid (containing one set of chromosomes from each parent), though sex cells (sperm and oocytes) are haploid. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid
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| | Deficient Regulation of DNA Double-strand Break Repair in Fanconi Anemia Fibroblasts -- Donahue et al. 278 (32): 29487 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry |
| | RAD51 protein levels are elevated in protein extracts from FA fibroblasts of complementation groups A, C, and G. protein levels were examined by Western blot analysis of equal amounts of nuclear protein extracts prepared from normal diploid fibroblasts (N) and patient-derived FA fibroblasts of complementation groups A, C, G, and D2. | | | Extrachromosomal homologous recombination is elevated in patient-derived FA fibroblasts of complementation groups A, C, and G. HR frequencies in normal diploid fibroblasts (N) and patient-derived FA fibroblasts of complementation groups A, C, G, and D2 are expressed as the number of recombinant colonies obtained per 10 | | | RAD51 and MRE11 protein levels are elevated in protein extracts from FA fibroblasts of complementation groups A, C, and G., Western blot analysis of equal amounts of whole cell protein extracts from normal diploid fibroblasts (N); patient-derived FA fibroblasts of complementation groups A, C, and G and their retrovirally corrected counterparts (A |
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http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/278/32/29487
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